Will AI take my job in the UK? Every job on this site works for the UK too. Search for a job by the name you use, such as solicitor, lorry driver, estate agent or GP, and you will land on the right page. Each page shows the job’s UK occupation codes (SOC 2020) and an estimate of how many people do it in the UK.
Weighted by how many people in the UK do each job, the average Still needs a human score is 72.9, against 74.0 for the US. That covers about 31.9 million UK workers.
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Jobs with different names in the UK
The same work, a different name. Each row links to the full page.
| # | Job | Still needs a human | Evidence | Could be largely automated | UK name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Retail SalespersonsSales and Related | 69↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2054 | Shop assistant, Retail assistant |
| 2 | Home Health AidesHealthcare Support | 85↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | Home carer, Domiciliary care worker |
| 3 | Personal Care AidesHealthcare Support | 80↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | Care worker, Carer |
| 4 | Stockers and Order FillersTransportation and Material Moving | 79↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2044–2060+ | Shelf stacker, Shelf filler |
| 5 | Elementary School Teachers, Except Special EducationEducational Instruction and Library | 75↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2052 | Primary school teacher, Junior school teacher |
| 6 | LawyersLegal | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2049 | Solicitor, Advocate |
| 7 | Nursing AssistantsHealthcare Support | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | Healthcare assistant |
| 8 | Customer Service RepresentativesOffice and Administrative Support | 51↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2034–2041 | Customer service adviser, Call centre agent |
| 9 | Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck DriversTransportation and Material Moving | 79↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2044–2060+ | Lorry driver, HGV driver |
| 10 | Light Truck DriversTransportation and Material Moving | 80↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | Van driver, Book deliverer |
| 11 | Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping CleanersBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 86↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2046–2060+ | Cleaner, Caretaker |
| 12 | Landscaping and Groundskeeping WorkersBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 88↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2046–2060+ | Gardener |
| 13 | BartendersFood Preparation and Serving Related | 83↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | Bar staff, Bar-cellarman |
| 14 | Family Medicine PhysiciansHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 73↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2041–2058 | GP, Family doctor |
| 15 | Personal Financial AdvisorsBusiness and Financial Operations | 59↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2035–2044 | Financial adviser, IFA |
| 16 | Preschool Teachers, Except Special EducationEducational Instruction and Library | 80↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2036–2060+ | Nursery teacher, Early years teacher |
| 17 | Painters, Construction and MaintenanceConstruction and Extraction | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2048–2060+ | Painter and decorator, Ceiling texturer |
| 18 | Physical TherapistsHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 75↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2042–2060+ | Physiotherapist |
| 19 | Postal Service Mail CarriersOffice and Administrative Support | 81↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2037–2060+ | Postman, Postwoman |
| 20 | Cost EstimatorsBusiness and Financial Operations | 68↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2049 | Quantity surveyor, QS |
| 21 | Real Estate Sales AgentsSales and Related | 65↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2046 | Estate agent, Letting agent |
| 22 | Brickmasons and BlockmasonsConstruction and Extraction | 85↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2047–2060+ | Bricklayer, Brickie |
| 23 | Education Administrators, Kindergarten through SecondaryManagement | 74↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2051 | Headteacher |
| 24 | Dental AssistantsHealthcare Support | 81↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | Dental nurse, Dental attendant |
| 25 | Loan OfficersBusiness and Financial Operations | 63↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2046 | Mortgage adviser, Financial administrator |
| 26 | Correctional Officers and JailersProtective Service | 81↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2042–2060+ | Prison officer, Custody officer |
| 27 | Urban and Regional PlannersLife, Physical, and Social Science | 70↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2037–2050 | Town planner, Planning officer |
| 28 | DishwashersFood Preparation and Serving Related | 88↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | Kitchen porter, KP |
| 29 | Locomotive EngineersTransportation and Material Moving | 85↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | Train driver, Engine driver |
| 30 | Speech-Language PathologistsHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 73↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2040–2055 | Speech and language therapist |
| 31 | Refuse and Recyclable Material CollectorsTransportation and Material Moving | 83↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | Refuse collector, Bin man |
| 32 | Crossing Guards and FlaggersProtective Service | 83↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2042–2060+ | Lollipop lady, Lollipop man |
| 33 | Parking AttendantsTransportation and Material Moving | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2043–2060+ | Car park attendant, Art gallery assistant |
| 34 | OptometristsHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 79↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2042–2060+ | Optician |
| 35 | Parking Enforcement WorkersProtective Service | 77↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2042–2060+ | Traffic warden, Civil enforcement officer |
The UK’s biggest jobs
Estimated UK employment, largest first.
| # | Job | Still needs a human | Evidence | Could be largely automated | UK workers (est.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Retail SalespersonsSales and Related | 69↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2054 | 920,900 |
| 2 | Software DevelopersComputer and Mathematical | 62↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2034–2044 | 625,600 |
| 3 | Financial ManagersManagement | 67↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2048 | 536,100 |
| 4 | Sales ManagersManagement | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2050 | 477,900 |
| 5 | Computer and Information Systems ManagersManagement | 67↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2048 | 460,500 |
| 6 | Office Clerks, GeneralOffice and Administrative Support | 65↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2053 | 448,500 |
| 7 | Home Health AidesHealthcare Support | 85↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | 439,700 |
| 8 | Accountants and AuditorsBusiness and Financial Operations | 66↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2047 | 438,700 |
| 9 | Personal Care AidesHealthcare Support | 80↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | 434,900 |
| 10 | First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support WorkersOffice and Administrative Support | 67↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2047 | 409,000 |
| 11 | Stockers and Order FillersTransportation and Material Moving | 79↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2044–2060+ | 373,200 |
| 12 | Elementary School Teachers, Except Special EducationEducational Instruction and Library | 75↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2052 | 370,200 |
| 13 | Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical EducationEducational Instruction and Library | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2049 | 364,900 |
| 14 | Maids and Housekeeping CleanersBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 88↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2047–2060+ | 355,700 |
| 15 | First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales WorkersSales and Related | 71↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2052 | 350,500 |
| 16 | LawyersLegal | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2049 | 329,200 |
| 17 | Nursing AssistantsHealthcare Support | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | 325,400 |
| 18 | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, HandTransportation and Material Moving | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | 315,600 |
| 19 | Customer Service RepresentativesOffice and Administrative Support | 51↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2034–2041 | 311,600 |
| 20 | Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck DriversTransportation and Material Moving | 79↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2044–2060+ | 311,000 |
| 21 | Registered NursesHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 80↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2042–2060+ | 307,500 |
| 22 | Fast Food and Counter WorkersFood Preparation and Serving Related | 82↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | 293,000 |
| 23 | Construction ManagersManagement | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2051 | 264,900 |
| 24 | First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving WorkersFood Preparation and Serving Related | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2044–2060+ | 261,600 |
| 25 | Marketing ManagersManagement | 67↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2048 | 250,700 |
Big UK jobs most exposed to AI
Jobs with at least 50,000 UK workers, lowest Still needs a human score first.
| # | Job | Still needs a human | Evidence | Could be largely automated | UK workers (est.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Customer Service RepresentativesOffice and Administrative Support | 51↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2034–2041 | 311,600 |
| 2 | Market Research Analysts and Marketing SpecialistsBusiness and Financial Operations | 54↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2034–2042 | 153,500 |
| 3 | Medical Records SpecialistsHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 56↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2039–2049 | 51,300 |
| 4 | Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific ProductsSales and Related | 57↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2034–2044 | 133,800 |
| 5 | Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales AgentsSales and Related | 58↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2034–2043 | 110,700 |
| 6 | Computer Systems AnalystsComputer and Mathematical | 59↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2033–2042 | 83,100 |
| 7 | Information Security AnalystsComputer and Mathematical | 59↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2033–2043 | 60,100 |
| 8 | Personal Financial AdvisorsBusiness and Financial Operations | 59↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2035–2044 | 134,800 |
| 9 | Receptionists and Information ClerksOffice and Administrative Support | 60↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2047 | 214,100 |
| 10 | Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing ClerksOffice and Administrative Support | 60↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2046 | 182,900 |
| 11 | Human Resources SpecialistsBusiness and Financial Operations | 61↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2045 | 182,400 |
| 12 | Public Relations SpecialistsArts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media | 61↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2045 | 94,900 |
| 13 | Financial Risk SpecialistsBusiness and Financial Operations | 61↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2045 | 137,500 |
| 14 | Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and ExecutiveOffice and Administrative Support | 61↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2047 | 187,500 |
| 15 | Political ScientistsLife, Physical, and Social Science | 62↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2037–2047 | 105,600 |
Big UK jobs that most need a human
Jobs with at least 50,000 UK workers, highest score first.
| # | Job | Still needs a human | Evidence | Could be largely automated | UK workers (est.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial Truck and Tractor OperatorsTransportation and Material Moving | 88↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | 84,000 |
| 2 | Landscaping and Groundskeeping WorkersBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 88↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2046–2060+ | 175,000 |
| 3 | Maids and Housekeeping CleanersBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 88↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2047–2060+ | 355,700 |
| 4 | Construction LaborersConstruction and Extraction | 87↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2048–2060+ | 94,900 |
| 5 | Cleaners of Vehicles and EquipmentTransportation and Material Moving | 87↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | 73,100 |
| 6 | Fence ErectorsConstruction and Extraction | 86↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2047–2060+ | 207,600 |
| 7 | Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping CleanersBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 86↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2046–2060+ | 187,100 |
| 8 | Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender HelpersFood Preparation and Serving Related | 86↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | 61,800 |
| 9 | Food Preparation WorkersFood Preparation and Serving Related | 85↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | 77,300 |
| 10 | Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine SpecialistsInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair | 85↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | 53,000 |
| 11 | Home Health AidesHealthcare Support | 85↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | 439,700 |
| 12 | Painters, Construction and MaintenanceConstruction and Extraction | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2048–2060+ | 95,900 |
| 13 | Food BatchmakersProduction | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2046–2060+ | 92,300 |
| 14 | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, HandTransportation and Material Moving | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2044–2060+ | 315,600 |
| 15 | Nursing AssistantsHealthcare Support | 84↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2045–2060+ | 325,400 |
The jobs people in the UK ask about most
Monthly Google searches in the UK asking whether AI will replace the job, using UK names where they differ.
| # | Job | Still needs a human | Evidence | Could be largely automated | UK Google searches a month |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accountants and AuditorsBusiness and Financial Operations | 66↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2047 | 480 |
| 2 | LawyersLegal | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2049 | 370 |
| 3 | Business Intelligence AnalystsComputer and Mathematical | 54↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2033–2041 | 260 |
| 4 | Software DevelopersComputer and Mathematical | 62↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2034–2044 | 210 |
| 5 | Elementary School Teachers, Except Special EducationEducational Instruction and Library | 75↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2052 | 170 |
| 6 | Project Management SpecialistsBusiness and Financial Operations | 66↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2047 | 140 |
| 7 | ActuariesComputer and Mathematical | 70↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2034–2048 | 110 |
| 8 | Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight EngineersTransportation and Material Moving | 76↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2044–2060+ | 110 |
| 9 | Computer ProgrammersComputer and Mathematical | 55↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2033–2041 | 110 |
| 10 | Data ScientistsComputer and Mathematical | 61↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2034–2044 | 110 |
| 11 | Information Security AnalystsComputer and Mathematical | 59↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2033–2043 | 90 |
| 12 | Architects, Except Landscape and NavalArchitecture and Engineering | 72↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2037–2051 | 70 |
| 13 | Clinical and Counseling PsychologistsLife, Physical, and Social Science | 69↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2037–2050 | 70 |
| 14 | Financial and Investment AnalystsBusiness and Financial Operations | 63↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2045 | 70 |
| 15 | PharmacistsHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 71↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2041–2057 | 70 |
| 16 | RadiologistsHealthcare Practitioners and Technical | 71↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2041–2056 | 70 |
| 17 | ActorsArts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media | 80↑ saferAI replace? Nah. | D | 2038–2060+ | 50 |
| 18 | Database ArchitectsComputer and Mathematical | 58↑ saferAI replace? Partly. | D | 2033–2042 | 50 |
| 19 | Graphic DesignersArts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media | 62↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2036–2047 | 50 |
| 20 | Management AnalystsBusiness and Financial Operations | 62↑ saferAI replace? A little. | D | 2035–2046 | 50 |
How the UK figures work
- UK names come from the Office for National Statistics’ coding index for its occupation classification (SOC 2020), which lists about 30,000 job titles, plus a few common names such as “sparky” and “bin man”.
- Matching UK and US jobs. Our scores start from US job definitions (O*NET). We matched each UK occupation group to the US jobs doing the same work. The work is usually the same; pay, licensing and how fast employers adopt AI can differ.
- UK employment is from the ONS Annual Population Survey, January to December 2025. Where one UK group covers several of our jobs, its workers are shared out between them, so treat each figure as an estimate.
- ONS data is used under the Open Government Licence v3.0.