Some states have more jobs that AI can partly do than others. The states most affected by AI are the ones whose mix of work leans that way: office-heavy economies are more exposed, and states with more farming, construction, care and manufacturing less so.
This page scores every state by the jobs its people actually do.
United States overall: an average Still needs a human score of 74.0 out of 100 (higher is safer), weighted by employment. 6.2% of workers are in jobs scoring under 60, where AI can already do much of the work.
States are close together. Averages run from 71.2 to 75.5, because every state has a broad mix of jobs. Small differences in rank mean little; the jobs on each state page say more.
The map
All states
| Rank | State | Average score | Workers in jobs scoring under 60 | Largest job | Businesses using AI | Claude use per head (US = 1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st of 51 | Wyoming | 75.5 | 3.0% | Retail Salespersons | 25.5% | 0.43 |
| tied 2nd of 51 | Mississippi | 75.3 | 4.3% | Retail Salespersons | 15.8% | 0.28 |
| tied 2nd of 51 | North Dakota | 75.3 | 4.4% | Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers | 17.5% | 0.37 |
| tied 4th of 51 | Indiana | 75.2 | 5.2% | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 20.2% | 0.61 |
| tied 4th of 51 | Louisiana | 75.2 | 4.7% | Retail Salespersons | 19.4% | 0.48 |
| 6th of 51 | West Virginia | 75.1 | 4.1% | Registered Nurses | 13.7% | 0.25 |
| 7th of 51 | Nevada | 75.0 | 6.1% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 24.9% | 1.13 |
| tied 8th of 51 | Hawaii | 74.9 | 4.4% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 19.3% | 1.14 |
| tied 8th of 51 | South Dakota | 74.9 | 4.8% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 21.9% | 0.37 |
| 10th of 51 | Arkansas | 74.8 | 5.1% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 18.5% | 0.39 |
| tied 11th of 51 | Alabama | 74.7 | 5.2% | Retail Salespersons | 17.6% | 0.47 |
| tied 11th of 51 | Alaska | 74.7 | 3.4% | Retail Salespersons | 16.1% | 0.51 |
| tied 11th of 51 | Iowa | 74.7 | 5.9% | Cashiers | 18.8% | 0.41 |
| tied 11th of 51 | Kentucky | 74.7 | 5.5% | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 21.1% | 0.39 |
| tied 11th of 51 | Maine | 74.7 | 4.5% | Retail Salespersons | 18.7% | 0.65 |
| tied 11th of 51 | Montana | 74.7 | 4.0% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 21.3% | 0.58 |
| tied 17th of 51 | Idaho | 74.6 | 5.6% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 25.0% | 0.68 |
| tied 17th of 51 | New Mexico | 74.6 | 5.0% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 17.4% | 0.49 |
| tied 17th of 51 | Wisconsin | 74.6 | 6.2% | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 19.7% | 0.59 |
| tied 20th of 51 | Kansas | 74.5 | 6.1% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 19.7% | 0.48 |
| tied 20th of 51 | Oklahoma | 74.5 | 5.6% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 18.3% | 0.53 |
| tied 20th of 51 | Vermont | 74.5 | 4.2% | Retail Salespersons | 18.5% | 0.87 |
| tied 23rd of 51 | Missouri | 74.4 | 5.6% | General and Operations Managers | 20.9% | 0.70 |
| tied 23rd of 51 | Nebraska | 74.4 | 5.5% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 18.1% | 0.63 |
| tied 23rd of 51 | Ohio | 74.4 | 5.7% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 21.7% | 0.59 |
| tied 23rd of 51 | Pennsylvania | 74.4 | 5.5% | General and Operations Managers | 19.2% | 0.80 |
| tied 23rd of 51 | Tennessee | 74.4 | 5.9% | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 20.9% | 0.69 |
| tied 28th of 51 | Michigan | 74.3 | 5.5% | Team Assemblers | 21.2% | 0.61 |
| tied 28th of 51 | Oregon | 74.3 | 5.0% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 22.5% | 1.10 |
| tied 30th of 51 | California | 74.2 | 5.6% | Home Health Aides | 23.8% | 1.62 |
| tied 30th of 51 | South Carolina | 74.2 | 6.5% | Retail Salespersons | 23.4% | 0.51 |
| tied 32nd of 51 | Illinois | 74.1 | 6.5% | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 21.3% | 1.00 |
| tied 32nd of 51 | Minnesota | 74.1 | 6.3% | Retail Salespersons | 24.0% | 0.81 |
| 34th of 51 | Delaware | 74.0 | 6.0% | Registered Nurses | 27.0% | 1.05 |
| tied 35th of 51 | Connecticut | 73.9 | 5.4% | Retail Salespersons | 18.6% | 1.07 |
| tied 35th of 51 | Rhode Island | 73.9 | 6.2% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 22.3% | 0.96 |
| tied 37th of 51 | Arizona | 73.8 | 7.0% | General and Operations Managers | 24.8% | 0.95 |
| tied 37th of 51 | New Jersey | 73.8 | 6.3% | Cashiers | 18.3% | 1.02 |
| tied 37th of 51 | North Carolina | 73.8 | 7.3% | Retail Salespersons | 23.4% | 0.88 |
| tied 40th of 51 | Georgia | 73.7 | 6.9% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 25.2% | 0.93 |
| tied 40th of 51 | New York | 73.7 | 6.3% | Home Health Aides | 16.7% | 1.55 |
| tied 40th of 51 | Texas | 73.7 | 6.9% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 23.9% | 0.95 |
| tied 40th of 51 | Washington | 73.7 | 6.3% | Software Developers | 26.2% | 1.51 |
| tied 44th of 51 | Florida | 73.5 | 7.5% | Retail Salespersons | 26.1% | 1.05 |
| tied 44th of 51 | New Hampshire | 73.5 | 6.1% | Retail Salespersons | 20.0% | 0.88 |
| tied 44th of 51 | Utah | 73.5 | 7.5% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 28.3% | 1.21 |
| tied 47th of 51 | Maryland | 73.3 | 5.9% | General and Operations Managers | 22.3% | 1.09 |
| tied 47th of 51 | Massachusetts | 73.3 | 6.7% | General and Operations Managers | 23.6% | 1.42 |
| tied 47th of 51 | Virginia | 73.3 | 7.0% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 24.8% | 1.07 |
| 50th of 51 | Colorado | 73.2 | 7.5% | Fast Food and Counter Workers | 27.3% | 1.41 |
| 51st of 51 | District of Columbia | 71.2 | 6.6% | General and Operations Managers | 30.8% | 3.32 |
| Not ranked | Puerto Rico | 74.0 | 5.1% | Retail Salespersons | 13.7% | – |
Columns: rank (1st is least exposed), the state’s average score, the share of workers in jobs scoring under 60, its largest job, the share of businesses using AI (Census Bureau) and Claude use per working-age person (Anthropic, US average = 1).
Most and least exposed states
Least exposed:
- Wyoming: 75.5 (1st of 51)
- Mississippi: 75.3 (tied 2nd of 51)
- North Dakota: 75.3 (tied 2nd of 51)
- Indiana: 75.2 (tied 4th of 51)
- Louisiana: 75.2 (tied 4th of 51)
Most exposed:
- District of Columbia: 71.2 (51st of 51)
- Colorado: 73.2 (50th of 51)
- Virginia: 73.3 (tied 47th of 51)
- Massachusetts: 73.3 (tied 47th of 51)
- Maryland: 73.3 (tied 47th of 51)
What a state score means
A state’s score is the average score of its jobs, weighted by how many people do each job. It tells you about the state’s mix of work, not about how AI is used there. Two states with the same jobs get the same score.
To see how much AI is actually being used, each state page also shows:
- Business AI use, from the US Census Bureau’s Business Trends and Outlook Survey, which asks businesses whether they use AI, averaged over the latest twelve weeks.
- AI assistant use, from the Anthropic Economic Index’s state-level data: each state’s share of Claude.ai conversations against its share of working-age people.
Method
- Take every job’s employment in each state from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025.
- Multiply by that job’s Still needs a human score, sum, and divide by the state’s total.
- Where BLS hides a small job’s figure for a state, the state’s missing workers are shared out by national patterns. These estimates count in the average but never put a job on a list. Each state page shows how much of its employment the jobs cover.
Limits: job scores are national. A state’s accountants are scored the same as anyone else’s. Local differences in how jobs are done are not captured.
Related
Sources
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, state files, May 2025. https://www.bls.gov/oes/
- US Census Bureau, Business Trends and Outlook Survey, state data. https://www.census.gov/hfp/btos/data_downloads
- Anthropic Economic Index, geography release, CC BY. https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex